ABB MOTOR QABP71M2A
ABB MOTOR QABP71M2B
ABB MOTOR QABP80M2A
ABB MOTOR QABP80M2B
ABB MOTOR QABP315L4A
ABB MOTOR QABP315L4B
ABB MOTOR QABP355M4A
ABB MOTOR QABP355L4A
QABP mndandanda: Mapangidwe a ma frequency frequency drive motor ndioyenera, ndipo amatha kufananizidwa ndi osinthira pafupipafupi kunyumba ndi kunja. Ndizosinthana kwambiri komanso zosunthika. Mulingo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi EFF2 / IE3
Magalimoto a QABP osinthasintha pafupipafupi amatengera zabwino zazinthu zochokera kumayiko otsogola monga Germany ndi Japan, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi makompyuta popanga. Ikhoza kufananizidwa ndi mtundu womwewo wa chipangizo chapafupipafupi kutembenuka kunyumba ndi kunja, ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndi kusinthasintha. Galimotoyo imatenga kachipangizo ka gologolo, kamene kamakhala kodalirika kakugwira ntchito komanso kosavuta kusamalira. Galimotoyo imakhala ndi fan ya axial padera kuti iwonetsetse kuti galimotoyo imakhala ndi kuziziritsa bwino pama liwiro osiyanasiyana. Kusungunula kwa mota kumatengera mawonekedwe a F-class insulation omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandizira kudalirika kwagalimoto. Zizindikiro zofananira zamphamvu yamagalimoto, kukula kwa phazi ndi kutalika kwapakati zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi ma QA angapo asynchronous motors. Mndandanda wa ma injiniwa ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mafakitale opepuka, nsalu, mafakitale a mankhwala, zitsulo, zida zamakina, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimafuna zipangizo zoyendetsera liwiro, ndipo ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyendetsera liwiro.
Mphamvu ya mndandanda wa ma motors amachokera ku 0.25 kW mpaka 200 kW, ndipo kutalika kwa chimango kumayambira 71 mm mpaka 315 mm.
Makina osinthira pafupipafupi amatanthauza mota yomwe imayenda mosalekeza pamlingo wa 100% womwe udavotera pa liwiro la 10% mpaka 100% pansi pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ndipo kukwera kwa kutentha sikudutsa mtengo wovomerezeka wagalimotoyo.
Ndikukula kwachangu kwaukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi ndi zida zatsopano za semiconductor, ukadaulo wowongolera liwiro la AC wakhala ukukonzedwa ndikuwongoleredwa mosalekeza, ndipo ma inverter omwe asinthidwa pang'onopang'ono akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma motors a AC ndi mawonekedwe awo abwino otuluka komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo: ma motors akulu akulu ndi apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono odzigudubuza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphero zachitsulo, ma traction motors anjanji ndi mayendedwe apamtunda wamatawuni, ma elevator motors, ma crane motors a zida zonyamulira zidebe, mota zamapampu ndi mafani, ma compressor, zida zapakhomo Ma Motors ali nawo motsatizana. adagwiritsa ntchito ma motors owongolera ma frequency a AC, ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino [1]. Kutenga ma AC frequency frequency regulating motor kuli ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa DC yoyendetsa liwiro la mota:
(1) Easy liwiro malamulo ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu.
(2) Galimoto ya AC ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, kakulidwe kakang'ono, inertia yaying'ono, yotsika mtengo, kukonza kosavuta, komanso kulimba.
(3) Mphamvu imatha kukulitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse kuthamanga kwambiri komanso ntchito yayikulu yamagetsi.
(4) Imatha kuzindikira kuyambika kofewa komanso kuthamanga mwachangu.
(5) Palibe moto, wosaphulika, kusinthika kwamphamvu kwachilengedwe. [1]
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutumiza kwapadziko lonse lapansi kuwongolera kuthamanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwapangidwa pakukula kwapachaka kwa 13% mpaka 16%, ndipo pang'onopang'ono alowa m'malo ambiri oyendetsa liwiro la DC. Chifukwa ma mota wamba asynchronous omwe amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi komanso magetsi okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina owongolera ma frequency frequency, pali zofooka zazikulu. Ma injini apadera a inverter AC opangidwa molingana ndi nthawi yofunsira komanso zofunikira zapangidwa kunja. Mwachitsanzo, pali ma motors otsika phokoso, otsika pang'ono, ma mota omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a torque, ma mota othamanga kwambiri, ma mota okhala ndi ma tachogenerator, ndi ma mota oyendetsedwa ndi ma vector [1].
Mfundo yomanga
Pamene kutsetsereka kwa injini ya asynchronous kumasintha pang'ono, liwiro limakhala lofanana ndi pafupipafupi. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kusintha ma frequency amphamvu kumatha kusintha liwiro la mota asynchronous. Mu pafupipafupi kutembenuka liwiro lamulo, nthawi zonse tikuyembekeza kuti chachikulu maginito flux amakhalabe osasintha. Ngati maginito othamanga kwambiri ndi aakulu kuposa maginito othamanga pa nthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, maginito ozungulira amadzaza kwambiri kuti awonjezere chisangalalo komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu. Ngati kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa maginito ndikocheperako kusinthasintha kwa maginito panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, torque yamoto imachepetsedwa [1].
Kusintha ndondomeko yachitukuko
Makina osinthira ma frequency amotor nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika a V / F. Makhalidwe a dongosolo lowongolera kutembenuka pafupipafupi ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso kupanga kotsika mtengo. Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo akulu monga mafani komanso komwe zofunikira zamphamvu zamachitidwe osinthika pafupipafupi sizokwera kwambiri. Dongosolo ili ndi njira yowongolera yotseguka. Dongosololi limatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zotumizira ma motors ambiri, koma lili ndi magwiridwe antchito osinthika komanso osasunthika, ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuchita bwino komanso kosasunthika. kwanuko. Kuti tikwaniritse ntchito zapamwamba za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ena apereka njira yowongolera liwiro la mota yomwe imawongolera pafupipafupi kutsika kwa loop. Njira yowongolera liwiro iyi imatha kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwa static dynamic, koma dongosololi limatha kupezeka pama motors omwe ali ndi liwiro locheperako. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kukhala kuti liwiro la injini likakwera kwambiri, dongosololi silimangokwaniritsa cholinga chopulumutsa mphamvu, komanso limapangitsa kuti injiniyo ipange mphamvu yayikulu yosakhalitsa, yomwe imapangitsa kuti torque yamotoyo isinthe nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, kuti tikwaniritse magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso osasunthika pama liwiro apamwamba, choyamba tiyenera kuthana ndi vuto laposachedwa lopangidwa ndi mota. Pokhapokha pothana ndi vutoli moyenera, titha kukhala ndi luso lowongolera ma frequency osinthika amagetsi opulumutsa mphamvu. [2]
Zofunika KwambiriSintha
Special pafupipafupi kutembenuka galimoto ali ndi makhalidwe awa:
Kapangidwe ka kalasi B kutentha kokwera, kupanga kalasi ya F insulation. Zinthu zopangira ma polima apamwamba komanso njira yopangira utoto wa vacuum ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera kakutchinjiriza amatengera kuti ma windings amagetsi okhala ndi kutchinjiriza azitha kupirira voteji komanso mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, zomwe zimakwanira kugwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri kwagalimoto komanso kukana ma frequency apamwamba. kugwedeza ndi magetsi a inverter. Kuwonongeka kwa insulation.
Makhalidwe abwino ndi apamwamba, ndipo mulingo wogwedezeka ndi mulingo wa R (kutsika kwa vibration). Zigawo zamakina zimakhala ndi makina olondola kwambiri, ndipo ma bere apadera apamwamba kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kuthamanga kwambiri.
Makina oziziritsira mpweya wokakamizidwa, onse amagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa kwa axial flow fan kopitilira muyeso, moyo wapamwamba, mphepo yamphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti galimotoyo imapeza kutentha kwachangu pa liwiro lililonse ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito yothamanga kwambiri kapena yotsika kwanthawi yayitali.
Poyerekeza ndi ma inverter achikhalidwe, ma motors a YP opangidwa ndi pulogalamu ya AMCAD ali ndi liwiro lochulukirapo komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Mapangidwe apadera a maginito amaponderezanso maginito apamwamba kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za pafupipafupi, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kutsika kwa phokoso lotsika. Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya torque yosalekeza komanso kuwongolera liwiro la mphamvu, liwiro limakhala lokhazikika ndipo palibe ma torque.
Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino ofananira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma inverters, ndipo ndi kuwongolera vekitala, imatha kukwaniritsa zero liwiro lathunthu, torque yotsika pafupipafupi komanso kuwongolera mwachangu, kuwongolera malo komanso kuwongolera kuyankha mwachangu. YP mndandanda wafupipafupi kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono ma motors apadera amatha kukhala ndi mabuleki ndi ma encoder kuti apereke kuyimitsidwa bwino, ndikukwaniritsa kuwongolera mwachangu kwambiri kudzera pakuwongolera liwiro lotsekeka.
Kutengera "reducer + frequency conversion odzipereka motor + encoder + inverter" kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri. YP mndandanda wa injini zosinthira zida zapadera zimakhala ndi zosunthika bwino, ndipo miyeso yawo yoyika imagwirizana ndi miyezo ya IEC, ndipo imatha kusinthana ndi ma mota wamba.
Kusintha kwa kuwonongeka kwa injini
Pakukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma AC variable frequency motors, pakhala pali kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa kusungunula kwa ma AC variable frequency motors. Ma motors ambiri a AC amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 1 mpaka 2, ndipo ena amakhala ndi milungu ingapo. Ngakhale panthawi yoyeserera, kutchinjiriza kwa mota kumawonongeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa kutembenuka. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto atsopano kuukadaulo waukadaulo wamagetsi. Zoyeserera zatsimikizira kuti chiphunzitso cha kapangidwe kake ka motor insulation pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya sine wave voltage yomwe idapangidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi singagwiritsidwe ntchito pama motors oyendetsedwa ndi ma frequency a AC. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuwonongeka kwamakina a inverter motor insulation, kukhazikitsa chiphunzitso choyambirira cha AC inverter motor insulation design, ndikupanga miyezo yamafakitale ya AC inverter motors.
1 Kuwonongeka kwa mawaya amagetsi
1.1 Kutulutsa pang'ono ndi mtengo wamalo
Pakalipano, ma motors a AC osinthasintha-mawilo amayendetsedwa ndi teknoloji ya IGB T (Insulated Gate Diode) PWM (Pulse width m odulatio n-pulse width modulation) inverters. Mphamvu zake zimakhala za 0.75 mpaka 500kW. Ukadaulo wa IGBT ukhoza kupatsa masiku ano ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Nthawi yake yokwera ndi 20 ~ 100μs, ndipo kugunda kwamagetsi komwe kumapangidwa kumakhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, kufika 20kHz. Mphamvu yokwera mwachangu kuchokera ku inverter kupita kumapeto kwa injini, chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa mota ndi chingwe, mafunde owoneka bwino amapangidwa. Mafunde owonetseredwawa amabwereranso ku frequency converter, kenako imapangitsa kuti mafunde ena awonekere chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa chingwe ndi frequency converter, yomwe imawonjezedwa ku mafunde oyambira amagetsi, potero imatulutsa voteji ya spike kutsogolo kwa mafunde amagetsi. . Kukula kwa voteji ya spike kumadalira nthawi yokwera ya voteji ndi kutalika kwa chingwe [1].
Kawirikawiri, pamene kutalika kwa waya kumawonjezeka, kuwonjezereka kwa magetsi kumachitika kumapeto kwa waya. . Mayeso akuwonetsa kuti kuchulukirachulukira kumachitika m'mphepete mwa kukwera ndi kutsika kwa voteji, ndipo kutsika kwamphamvu kumachitika. The attenuation amamvera lamulo exponential, ndipo nthawi oscillation amawonjezeka ndi kutalika kwa chingwe. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma frequency a PWM drive pulse waveform. Chimodzi ndi kusintha pafupipafupi. Kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa spike voltage kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi ma frequency osinthira. Wina ndi ma frequency oyambira, omwe amawongolera mwachindunji kuthamanga kwa injini. Kumayambiriro kwa ma frequency aliwonse, kugunda kwa mtima kumasintha kuchoka ku zabwino kupita ku zoyipa kapena kuchoka ku zoyipa kupita ku zabwino. Pakadali pano, kutchinjiriza kwa mota kumayendetsedwa ndi voteji yathunthu yomwe imakhala yowirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa voteji. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mota yamagawo atatu yokhala ndi ma windings ophatikizidwa, polarity yamagetsi pakati pa makhoti awiri oyandikana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana imatha kukhala yosiyana, ndipo kulumpha kwakukulu kwamagetsi kumatha kufika kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa voteji. Malinga ndi mayesowo, ma voliyumu otulutsa ma waveform opangidwa ndi PWM inverter mu 380 / 480V AC AC ali ndi mphamvu yoyezera nsonga yamagetsi ya 1.2 mpaka 1.5kV kumapeto kwa injini, komanso mu 576 / 600V AC system, mawonekedwe amagetsi oyezera. nsonga yamagetsi yamagetsi imafika 1.6 mpaka 1.8 kV. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti pansi pa voteji yonseyi, kutulutsa pang'ono pang'ono kumachitika pakati pa kutembenuka kwa mafunde. Chifukwa cha ionization, ndalama za danga zidzapangidwa mu mpweya wa mpweya, ndipo gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa moyang'anizana ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito lidzapangidwa. Magetsi polarity akasintha, gawo lamagetsi losinthira ili limakhala mbali imodzi ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa njira iyi, magetsi apamwamba amapangidwa, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha kutulutsa pang'ono chiwonjezeke ndipo pamapeto pake chimayambitsa kuwonongeka. Mayesero awonetsa kuti kukula kwa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika pazitsulo zotembenukira-kutembenuka kumadalira momwe kondakitala amakhalira komanso nthawi yokwera ya PWM pakali pano. Ngati nthawi yokwera ili yosakwana 0.1 μs, 80% ya kuthekera kwake kudzawonjezedwa kumayendedwe awiri oyamba a mafunde, ndiko kuti, kufupikitsa nthawi yokwera, kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi, komanso kufupikitsa moyo wa inter. -kutembenuzira kutchinjiriza [1].
1.2 Dielectric kutaya kutentha
Pamene E idutsa mtengo wofunikira wa insulator, kutaya kwake kwa dielectric kumawonjezeka mofulumira. Pamene mafupipafupi akuwonjezeka, kukhetsa pang'ono kumawonjezeka moyenerera, ndipo chifukwa chake, kutentha kumapangidwa, zomwe zidzapangitse kutayikira kwakukulu, zomwe zingapangitse Ni kukwera mofulumira, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa galimoto kudzawuka, ndipo kutchinjiriza kudzakalamba mwachangu. Mwachidule, mu variable frequency motor, ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kutentha kwa dielectric, kulowetsa danga ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka msanga kwa waya wamagetsi [1].
2 Kuwonongeka kwa kutsekereza kwakukulu, kutsekereza gawo ndi utoto wopaka utoto
Monga tanena kale, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ya PWM kumawonjezera matalikidwe a voteji ya oscillating pamaterminal a variable frequency motor. Chifukwa chake, kutchinjiriza kwakukulu, kutchinjiriza kwa gawo ndi utoto wotsekereza wagalimoto zimapirira mphamvu zamagetsi apamwamba. Malinga ndi mayeso, chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa zinthu monga nthawi yokwera voteji, kutalika kwa chingwe, ndikusintha pafupipafupi kwa chotulutsa cha inverter, nsonga yapamwamba yamagetsi apamwambawa imatha kupitilira 3kV. Komanso, pamene kukhetsa pang'ono kumachitika pakati pa kutembenuka kwa ma windings a galimoto, mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu capacitance anagawira mu kutchinjiriza adzakhala kutentha, cheza, mawotchi ndi mphamvu mankhwala, amene amawononga dongosolo lonse kutchinjiriza ndi kuchepetsa kusweka voteji. za kutchinjiriza, pamapeto pake zomwe zidatsogolera ku Insulation system idasweka [1].
3 Kukalamba kofulumira kwa kutchinjiriza chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa cyclic alternating
Iwo utenga PWM pafupipafupi kutembenuka mphamvu magetsi, kuti pafupipafupi kutembenuka galimoto akhoza kuyamba pa pafupipafupi otsika, otsika voteji ndipo palibe inrush panopa, ndipo angagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana operekedwa ndi pafupipafupi Converter kuchita braking mofulumira. Chifukwa ma frequency a frequency motor amatha kuyambitsa pafupipafupi komanso kulimba, kutchinjiriza kwa mota nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa ma cyclic alternating, ndipo kutchinjiriza kwa mota kumachulukitsidwa mpaka zaka [1].
Zovuta za kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso kufalikira kwamakina muma motors wamba asynchronous kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pama motor frequency frequency. Ma harmonics a nthawi zosiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka mumagetsi osinthika amasokoneza ma harmonics omwe ali mu gawo la electromagnetic kuti apange mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za electromagnetic excitation. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa galimotoyo imakhala ndi maulendo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito mafupipafupi komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa liwiro, resonance imachitika pamene ikugwirizana ndi ma frequency achilengedwe a gawo la makina. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso kugwedezeka kwamakina, kutchinjiriza kwa mota kumakhala kupsinjika pafupipafupi, komwe kumathandizira kukalamba kwa kutchinjiriza kwa mota.
